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Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки
Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики
Российской академии наук


ООО "ИЦ КОМКОН"

ФГБУН "Институт токсикологии" ФМБА России

Адрес редакции и реквизиты

192012, Санкт-Петербург, ул.Бабушкина, д.82 к.2, литера А, кв.378

Свидетельство о регистрации электронного периодического издания ЭЛ № ФС 77-37726 от 13.10.2009
Выдано - Роскомнадзор

ISSN 1999-6314


Клиническая медицина » Терапия • Психиатрия

Том: 25
Статья: « 17 »
Страницы:. 257-318
Опубликована в журнале: 10 апреля 2024 г.
English version

Нейровоспалительная теория шизофрении. Роль иммуногенетических факторов

Хальчицкий С.Е.1, Становая В.В.2, Янушко М.Г.2, Моритц А.А.2, Хуторянская Ю.В.3, Грачева Ю.А.1, Буслов К.Г.1, Согоян М.В.1, Батоцыренова Е.Г.3, Комов Ю.В.3, Крецер Т.Ю.3, Кашуро В.А.3,4,5, Виссарионов С.В.1, Иванов М.В.2

1ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера» Минздрава России,
г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ
2ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России, г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ
3ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ
4ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный педагогический университет
им. А.И.Герцена», г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ
5ФГБГОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»,
г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ


Резюме
Шизофрения - расстройство с гетерогенной этиологией, включающее сложное взаимодействие между генетическими и экологическими факторами риска. В настоящее время известно, что иммунная система играет жизненно важную роль в функционировании и патологии нервной системы посредством регулирования развития нейронов и глии, синаптической пластичности и поведения. В связи с этим иммунная система позиционируется как общее связующее звено между, казалось бы, разнообразными генетическими и средовыми факторами риска шизофрении. Синтез информации о том, как на взаимодействие мозга с иммунной системой влияют многочисленные факторы и как эти факторы могут взаимодействовать при шизофрении, необходим для лучшего понимания патогенеза этого заболевания. В статье предоставлен обзор генетических факторов риска шизофрении, которые модулируют иммунную функцию, а также то, как последствия этих факторов риска связаны с функцией и дисфункцией микроглии. Предполагается, что морфологический и сигнальный дефицит гематоэнцефалического барьера, наблюдаемый у некоторых людей с шизофренией, может выступать в качестве шлюза между воспалением периферической и центральной нервной системы, тем самым влияя на основные функции микроглии. Кроме того, рассматриваются различные роли, которые микроглия играет в ответ на нейровоспаление, и их влияние на развитие мозга и гомеостаз, а также на патофизиологию шизофрении.


Ключевые слова
шизофрения, нейровоспаление, микроглия, гены, факторы риска, нейрогенез.


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