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Vol. 27, Art. 37 (pp. 910-933)    |    2026       

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Contemporary aspects of childhood poisoning with household chemicals

Nemtseva A.V.1, Romanov V.V.2, Nikitin N. Yu.2, Batalov I.V.2, Shipilov Yu.I.2, Reinyuk V.L.1, Pyatibrat A.O.1,2

1The Federal State-Financed Institution Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 192019, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva St., Building 1
2Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 194100, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Litovskaya St., Building 2

Brief summary

Poisoning caused by household chemicals remains a significant problem in pediatric practice and clinical toxicology, largely due to the widespread availability of chemical products in domestic environments and age-related behavioral characteristics of young children. Children under five years of age are particularly vulnerable to unintentional exposures, which predominantly occur in the home setting and may result in both acute and long-term health consequences. Objective. To analyze contemporary scientific data on the etiology, clinical manifestations, outcomes, and prevention of household chemical poisoning in children. Methods. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using international bibliographic databases, including PubMed and reports from the National Poison Data System. Publications from leading peer-reviewed journals such as Pediatrics, Clinical Toxicology, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and MMWR were analyzed. Epidemiological studies, clinical observations, retrospective analyses, and international guidelines were included in the review. Results. The analysis of current literature demonstrated that the majority of household chemical poisonings in children are unintentional and occur at home. Caustic agents and highly concentrated cleaning products were identified as the most clinically significant exposures, as they are associated with severe tissue injury and long-term complications, including esophageal strictures and persistent respiratory dysfunction. Importantly, the severity of long-term outcomes does not always correlate with the intensity of clinical symptoms during the acute phase of poisoning. Conclusion. Household chemical poisoning in children continues to represent a substantial medical and public health challenge. The findings of this review emphasize the critical role of preventive strategies aimed at restricting access to hazardous substances, improving packaging safety, and enhancing parental awareness. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of pediatric household chemical poisonings.


Key words

сhildren; household chemicals; poisoning; caustic agents; clinical toxicology; prevention

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