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Vol. 27, Art. 20 (pp. 485-506) | 2026
Standardization of the orchiectomy and its anesthetic support in newborn rats for modeling hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Svetlana V. Aisaeva2, Anna F. Yudina1, Vladimir V. Salukhov1, Vadim A. Basharin1, Maria S. Kolesnikovа3, Alexey A. Minakov1, Alexey A. Khovpachev1
1S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 194044, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. 2A.F. Mozhaysky Military Space Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 197198, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. 3State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (State Research Institute of Military Medicine), 195043, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
Brief summary
Introduction. The widespread prevalence of male androgen deficiency necessitates further refinement of experimental models to identify means for its prevention and treatment. This study presents an experimental justification for a unilateral orchiectomy protocol in neonatal rats aimed at inducing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Aim: To standardize the sequence of orchiectomy under general anesthesia in neonatal rats, leading to the development of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on 197 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats of the same line in three stages The first stage was a comparative study of various general anesthesia techniques. The second stage standardized the unilateral orchiectomy sequence. The third stage tested the developed sequence by assessing the incidence of complications and analyzing sex hormone levels in the operated male rats on days 30 and 120 of life. Results. It was found that among the evaluated methods of neonatal anesthetic care, the most acceptable is anesthesia with isoflurane using a bolus scheme. The calculation of the average lethal doses of parenteral hypnotics was performed. The sequence of orchiectomy was reproduced and supplemented: the paraingvinous access and the surgical maneuver of orchiectomy were justified. After orchiectomy, a persistent decrease in testosterone concentration was observed in rats compared to sham-operated animals. The proposed sequence had satisfactory reproducibility and was associated with a low number of postoperative complications: out of 76 observations, acute massive blood loss was observed in 5.2%, subcutaneous intestinal eventeration - in 8.3%, scar abscess - in 1.3% of cases. Conclusion. Manipulations on neonatal individuals are associated with a high risk of adverse outcome. Validated protocols of orchiectomy and general anesthesia have high reproducibility and low complication rate, allowing for large-scale m Key words hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; experimental model; rats; neonatal orchiectomy; anesthesia; testosterone. (The article in PDF format. For preview need Adobe Acrobat Reader)  Open article in new window
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