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Vol. 26, Art. 14 (pp. 366-392)    |    2025       

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Succinic acid prevents nicotine-related disorders of first-line antioxidant enzymes on the heart and liver of chickens

Zhukova O.Iu.2, Starun А.S. 1, Efremenko Е.S. 1

1 Omsk State Medical University Lenina str., 12, Omsk , 644099, Russia
2 St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University Litovskaya str., 2, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia

Brief summary

Widespread adoption of electronic nicotine delivery systems, the availability of vape liquids at home poses a threat to young children who may ingest the dangerous substance. The consequences of the nicotine exposure on the child's body are not clear, it is necessary to develop methods for the earliest possible elimination of possible disorders. Literature data allow us to draw only indirect conclusions about the possibility of application succinic acid to correct disorders caused by ingestion of nicotine-containing products. Objective. The aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of using succinic acid for correcting nicotine-induced disorders at the first-line level of antioxidant system in developing organisms by an experiment with chickens. Materials and Methods. Nicotine-containing vape liquid was administered orally to 5-day-old chickens for simulate the situation of being swallowed by a child. The test group was orally treated with two drops of 1% succinic acid solution prepared from «Marbiopharm» tablets at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 15 minutes after nicotine solution. In accordance with the idea of the endotoxicosis phases periodicity, acute intoxication was simulated for three days to registration maximum disorders in the antioxidant system. Liver and heart homogenates were prepared after decapitation. Superoxide dismutase activity, catalase and protein concentration were investigated. The data obtained were subjected to statistical processing using non-parametric analysis in the SPSS 26. Results. Superoxide dismutase activity is 70% lower than that of chickens in the control group (p ≤ 0.001), catalase activity, on the contrary, is increased by 67.5% (p ≤ 0.001) in the liver of chickens receiving vape liquid with nicotine. In cardiac homogenates, changes in the total activity of first-line antioxidant defense enzymes have the same patterns as in the liver. When succinic acid was administered to chickens, inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity was not observed, the catalase activity was slightly higher than the control group (by 16.2%, p = 0.001), but lower than in chickens injected only the vape liquid (by 69.4%, p ≤ 0.001). There was also a tendency to a protein concentration increase in liver and heart tissues of chickens treated with vape fluid without subsequent succinic acid administration. Conclusion. Oral administration of succinic acid solution to chickens prevents nicotine-induced protein accumulation, a drop in superoxide dismutase activity, and excessive catalase activation in liver and heart tissues. Our data demonstrated the potential of succinic acid application to correct disorders in developing organisms caused by swallowing vape fluid by the example of chickens. Additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to clarify more accurate mechanisms and assess the benefits and safety of taking succinic acid at the nicotine intoxication.


Key words

superoxide dismutase, catalase, nicotine, vapes, snus, children, succinic acid, antioxidant system, liver, heart

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