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Vol. 25, Art. 39 (pp. 741-766)    |    2024       

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Changes of vessel diameter and of retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with new coronavirus infection

Turgel V.A.1, Tultseva S.N.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Russia, 197022, Saint-Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6-8

Brief summary

This review of literature is dedicated to ophthalmic signs of the new coronavirus infection. It is known that the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is a systemic endotheliitis caused both by primary viral action and a secondary autoimmune answer. The retina and the choroid occupy the leading positions in vascular density among all the tissues of the human body. At the same time, they are the only structures accessible to in vivo visualization and to non-invasive investigation of the structure and microcirculation. The detection of “ophthalmic markers” of the systemic inflammation in COVID-19, dynamic assessment of these changes will allow enlarging the insight into the pathogenesis and features of the clinical course of the infectious disease. During the acute period of COVID-19, among such markers are subsumed: diffuse and local decrease in vascular density and perfusion in the macular area, increase of the peripapillary vessel diameter, increase of the choroidal thickness in the subfoveolar area, as well as increase of the avascular zone surface area. As markers of the late period are considered: retinal thinning on the account of RNFL and ganglion cells, increase of the avascular zone surface area, which could progress during 12 months after the patient’s clinical recovery.


Key words

COVID-19, new coronavirus infection, COVID-associated retinopathy, ischemic retinopathy, OCTA, OCT, ischemic maculopathy.

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