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Vol. 25, Art. 34 (pp. 610-629)    |    2024       

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Preeclampsia and COVID-19. immunohistochemical analysis of the placenta

Kseniia A. Rudenko, Tatiana Yu. Roschina, Irina E. Zazerskaya, Irina A. Danilova, Lyubov B. Mitrofanova

Federal State Budgetary Institution “Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Brief summary

The placenta is one of the possible targets for SARS-CoV-2, however, the virus tropism to its specific structures, as well as the possible role of this infection in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, remain controversial. Materials and methods. The material was placentas: group 1 - patients with previous COVID-19 and preeclampsia (n=20), group 2 - patients with previous COVID-19 without preeclampsia (n=20); group 3 - patients with preeclampsia without a history of COVID-19 (n=5; 2019); group 4 - patients without COVID-19 and preeclampsia (n=5; 2019). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CD26, VEGF. Results. In all cases of groups №1 and № 2, significant expression of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 77.6±35.4% of syncytiotrophoblast cells. SARS-CoV-2 expression was also found in decidual cells (median for group №1 - 5% (0; 50%), for group №2 - 10% (0; 35)) and locally - in vascular endothelium, macrophages, fibroblasts of the villi, chorionic plate and amnion. CD26 expression in syncytiotrophoblast was observed in all studied groups, including patients with COVID-19 and preeclampsia (p> 0.05), but in the vascular endothelium of the villi, macrophages, fibroblasts, decidual cells of groups № 1 and №2 it was statistically significantly lower. Placental VEGF expression did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 expression was detected in the majority of placental syncytiotrophoblast cells from women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, while CD26 was also detected in women of the pre-COVID period. VEGF expression did not significantly differ depending on the previous coronavirus infection. The presence or absence of preeclampsia did not affect the expression of the studied markers.


Key words

SARS-CoV-2; CD26; VEGF; placenta; preeclampsia; COVID-19; immunohistochemistry

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