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Vol. 25, Art. 24 (pp. 447-460)    |    2024       

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New strategies of medical countermeasures against ricin poisoning: current aspects and future prospects

Stepanov A.V., Mjasnikov V.A., Nikishin A.S.

State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, 195043, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg,
Lesoparkovaya Str., 4

Brief summary

Ricin is a phytotoxin derived from the castor oil seeds (Ricinus communis). It belongs to some of the most lethal naturally occurring compounds, particularly when inhaled. Ricin is a potential biological warfare due to a high availability and ease of production. Clinical manifestations of pulmonary ricin intoxication in experimental biological models are closely associated with acute respiratory distress-syndrome that was accompanied by an increase of the local proinflammatory cytokines’ production in lungs, a massive neutrophil infiltration into the lung tissue, and a severe edema. Currently, the only specified strategy of post-exposure prophylaxis and early causal treatment of pulmonary ricinosis in preclinical studies is the passive immunization with antiricin antibodies. Moreover, the treatment efficacy depends on a degree of antibody specificity and timing of their administration relative to intoxication onset. Given the lack of marketed products for specific therapy of acute ricin poisoning, the administration of low-molecular compounds directly interacting with the toxin or inhibiting its extra- and intracellular transport is also considered a promising direction. This review is devoted to the new treatment strategies for pulmonary ricinosis using the advanced specific and non-specific therapeutics, as well as their combinations.


Key words

ricin, non-specific therapeutics, acute respiratory distress-syndrome, bronchoalveolar lavage, inflammatory mediators, antiricin antibodies

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Журнал основан 16 ноября 2000г.
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