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Vol. 24, Art. 17 (pp. 214-238)    |    2023       

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The use of biotesting for toxicological assessment of the sanitary and hygienic state of environmental objects

Erdniev L.P., Bonitenko E.U., Gusev Yu.S., Mikerov A.N., Belyakova N.A.

Saratov Medical Research Center for Hygiene of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Managing Risks to Public Health" of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare.

Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after S.N. Golikov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency"

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky"

Brief summary

Biotesting is a method that allows you to establish the toxicity of environmental objects with the help of test organisms that signal the detection of changes in the composition of the environment by distortion of vital functions. The basis of biotesting of environmental objects are the processes of identifying the toxic effects of pollutants on the body of test objects both in pure form and in the composition of complex mixtures. The fact of combined toxic effects on the body does not allow to give an unambiguous answer about the harmful effects of toxicants only according to physicochemical analysis. In this connection, at the stage of biotesting of samples, it is justified to use a test battery consisting of several test objects with different levels of organization and phylogenetic development. However, with further extrapolation of the toxicity indicators of pollutants to the human body, difficulties arise due to interspecies differences in the organization of the test objects used. Consequently, the study of patterns in the series of test object - laboratory animal - a person can allow increase the reliability of extrapolation of biotesting results to humans. At the same time, the study of such patterns is aimed at improving the scientific and methodological support for monitoring the sanitary and hygienic condition of environmental objects and assessing the risk of developing diseases in the population associated with exposure to pollutants. The purpose is to study various aspects of the use of biotesting for toxicological assessment of the sanitary and hygienic state of environmental objects. Проведено обоснование алгоритма санитарно-токсикологической оценки объектов окружающей среды с использованием тест-объектов разного уровня организации. Results. The article provides an overview of modern approaches to biotesting, as well as the features of the use of this method in the framework of screening toxicological studies of pollutants. The commonality of biochemical and morphophysiological responses in biological objects with different levels of organization allows us to consider the inclusion of the biotesting procedure in the sanitary and hygienic express assessment of environmental objects. The substantiation of the algorithm of sanitary and toxicological assessment of environmental objects using test objects of different levels of organization is carried out. Conclusion. The introduction into laboratory practice of sanitary and toxicological studies using methods of biotesting at second-order biological facilities will improve not only the quality of the procedure for screening toxicological assessment of pollutants and, but also the quality of sanitary and hygienic assessment of environmental objects as a whole. Studies aimed at studying the unity of responses to the toxic effects of pollutants in biological objects with different levels of organization will improve the quality of extrapolation of the results of assessing the toxic effects of pollutants on the human body, as well as to consider the possibility of introducing biotesting methods into the algorithm for conducting a state sanitary and hygienic assessment of the state of environmental objects.


Key words

biotesting, test objects, sanitary and hygienic assessment, environmental objects, pollutants

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