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Vol. 24, Art. 18 (pp. 239-259)    |    2023       

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Diversity of zootoxins of peptide and protein nature and their biomedical application (review)

Astafyeva O.V., Yudina N.S., Rysev A.Y., Kruchinin E.G., Myasnikov V.A.

State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Brief summary

Venom of animal are a rich source of biologically active substance. Many of these natural biomolecules have already founds their application as components of pharmaceutical preparations. Thanks to numerous studies of the composition of animal poisons, many zootoxins have been isolated and characterized to date. Currently, peptide toxins of amphibian, proteins and peptides toxins of reptiles, arthropods and marine invertebrates are more studied and of great interest for applies use. The diversity of animal toxins is reflected in a wide range of biological targets for their activity. This property defines activity the use of zootoxins in biochemical, pharmacological and biomedical research. The range of potential pharmacological applications for these compounds includes such effects as antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, neuroprotective, immunoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardiotoxic, cardioprotective, etc. The manifestation of certain physiological properties depends on the structure of protein and peptide toxins. Compounds saturated with disulfide bonds are a separate class. Due to their structural features, they have increased stability, are able to bind to non-linear channels, blocking them or changing the gating mechanism. Due to their diversity, animal venoms toxins cover a wide range of possible medical applications. In the present review considers the main components of vertebrate and invertebrate animals poisons. The toxic effects of various components of animal poisons and promising directions for the use of these biologically active proteins and peptides as a basis for the development of new pharmaceuticals are described.


Key words

zootoxins; proteins; peptides; physiologically active substances; animal venoms

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