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Vol. 24, Art. 59 (pp. 812-818)    |    2023       

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Studying the effect of nicotinamide on the expression of early neurological manifestations of the cerebral form of acute radiation sickness

Kondakov A.Yu., Drachev I.S., Remizov D.V., Kudryashov V.S., Yakunchikova E.A., Danilova O.A., Tikhomirov P.V.

Federal State Budgetary Institution «State Scientific Research Test Institute of military medicine» Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Brief summary

The development of disorders that determine the clinical picture of damage to the body after irradiation at ultrahigh doses is based on dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Currently, to prevent the development of cerebral syndrome and the occurrence of early transient disability, a method of pharmacological correction of the energy-deficient state of the central nervous system that occurs when irradiated in high doses is used. This can be achieved by introducing an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation (nicotinamide) into the body. Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the specific activity of nicotinamide as a means of preventing neurological disorders in the early period of the cerebral form of ARS. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on white outbred rats weighing 180-200 g, which were irradiated in the cranio-caudal direction using the IGUR 1 unit at a dose of 150 Gy. The group "Nicotinamide" included rats that were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before irradiation with the drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg. To assess the ability of animals to reproduce previously acquired skills and characterize the state of long-term memory, a model of task performance in the water test "avoidance by swimming" was used. Impairment of coordination and general motor activity was assessed by the ability of laboratory animals to walk along a horizontal bar - the "Beam walking" test. Research results. It has been established that irradiation of animals at a dose of 150 Gy leads to an increase in the time of the ?swimming avoidance? test by 26 % compared to the values before irradiation, which is 8.5 times lower than in non-irradiated rats. The prophylactic use of nicotinamide contributed to a 2.5-fold reduction in the swimming time of rats, compared with the indicator in irradiated animals that did not receive the drug. The duration of the Beam walking test in irradiated rats increased 50 times, with a large number of errors (2 points) compared to non-irradiated rats. 10 min after exposure, the swimming time differed by only 3 times; the irradiated rats performed the test without error (6 points). With the prophylactic use of nicotinamide, the time for error-free task performance by irradiated rats did not differ from the results of the "Control" group. Conclusion. Thus, the use of nicotinamide 30 minutes before irradiation in ultra-high doses makes it possible to prevent the development of impaired cognitive abilities, mnestic functions, coordination of movements, and other neurological disorders of the early period of the cerebral form of ARS.


Key words

radiation exposure; ultra-high doses; neurological disorders; nicotinamide

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