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Vol. 24, Art. 57 (pp. 771-802)    |    2023       

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Modern methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of zootoxins in the framework of pharmacokinetic studies (review)

Yudina N.S., Astafyeva O.V., Luksha V.V., Nikiforov A.S., Chepur S.V.

State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043, St. Petersburg, Lesoparkovaya St., 4,
Russian Federation

Brief summary

A wide variety of zootoxins in nature, as well as a wide range of their action, served as the basis for the growth of research interest in toxins of animal origin. The discovered high pharmacological activity of the compounds contained in the poison contributed to the growth in the number of drugs developed on their basis. Currently, research groups continue to isolate new active toxins of animal origin, which in the future can be used to develop new drugs. An important step in the development of any drug is pharmacokinetic studies to establish the effectiveness and safety of the active substance. Studies of the dependence of therapeutic and toxic effects on the concentration of a substance, as well as the determination of the place of accumulation, the period of elimination, bioequivalence and other characteristics, are carried out by methods of physicochemical analysis. The methods used in such studies should be characterized by high sensitivity, the absence of false positive and false negative results, and a high degree of reliability and reproducibility of the results obtained. These include chromatographic methods of analysis, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), NMR spectroscopy, etc. The most common and versatile method is tandem mass spectrometry - a modern high precision and highly sensitive method for identifying compounds, including toxins - both low molecular weight and protein nature. The method has an advantage in comparison with immunological methods of analysis in terms of reliability, allows you to work with various matrices and is of great importance in the quantitative analysis of preparations based on zootoxins.


Key words

zootoxins; drug; physicochemical analysis techniques; chromatography; mass-spectrometry; proteins; peptides

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