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Vol. 24, Art. 55 (pp. 739-759)    |    2023       

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The role of low molecular weight animal toxins as a platform for the development (review)

Luksha V.V., Astafyeva O.V., Yudina N.S., Tunin M.A., Chepur S.V.

State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043, St. Petersburg, Lesoparkovaya St., 4,
Russian Federation

Brief summary

Animal venoms, being a complex of substances of various chemical nature, represent a promising raw material for the isolation of proteins, peptides and low molecular weight compounds with various types of biological activity. Protein toxins are characteristic of ?armed? active-venomous animals, such as snakes, insects, arachnids, jellyfish and affect mainly passive-poisonous animals with ?unarmed? poisonous apparatus: amphibians, some fish, mollusks. The effects of zootoxins on animals and humans are similar. When bitten or stringed, injected toxic substances cause local burning pain, itching, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin, discoloration of tissues, formation of ulcers, vesicles, pustules, scabs, etc. An important characteristic of zootoxins is the selective of their action, i.e. the ability to damage certain target cells without affecting others. As a result of evolution and natural selection, animal toxins have acquired a fairly wide range of pharmacological activity. At the same time, the potential for the using of zootoxins as medicines has not been fully exhausted. In this regard, studies of the pharmacological activity of toxins of animal origin remain an urgent task. The present review considers the main low molecular weight toxins of different groups of vertebrates and invertebrates. The properties and toxic effects of these components of animal venoms and the main directions of use as a platform for the development of drugs are described.


Key words

low molecular weight zootoxins, amphibian toxins, fish toxins, cnidarian toxins, insect toxins, drug discovery

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