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Vol. 21, Art. 78 (pp. 976-1004)    |    2020       

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Vascular endothelium in acute poisonings

«Institute of Toxicology» of Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia
Federal State Budgetary Establishment «State Scientific Research Test Institute of the Military Medicine»,

Brief summary

Vascular endothelium (VE) is the main structural element of blood-tissue barriers, the largest endocrine organ that regulates the processes of inflammation, vascular tone, thrombosis, synthesis of connective tissue proteins and angiogenesis. The subject of the review was a hypothesis of the aggravating effect of preformed chronic endothelial dysfunction on acute poisoning. VE is damaged by direct cytotoxic action of xenobiotics and (or) acute hypoxia. The degree of this damage depends on the initial functional state of the VE, which is influenced by a number of humoral factors. These include substances that disturb the functions of VE, and substances exhibiting endothelial protective properties. With the prevalence of substances of the first group, a chronic endothelial dysfunction is formed, at wich background the impact of xenobiotic even in a sublethal dose can trigger fatal complications of acute exogenous intoxications. An approach to personalized risk assessment of such complications based on the initial blood content of endogenous substances with endotheliotoxic or endothelioprotective properties is considered. A preliminary list of such substances is suggested. The need for its validation and replenishment by including substances produced by both the normal intestinal microflora and microorganisms presumably involved in endothelial dysfunction, is shown.


Key words

the endothelium of blood vessels, blood-tissue barrier, endothelial dysfunction, endotheliocytes, acute intoxication, complication, personalized risk assessment.

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