Recent progress in stem cells biology has made it possible to reprogramme in vitro differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using just four transcription regulating factors. These iPS cells exhibit such unique properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells and blastocyst's inter cellular mass (ICM) cells as the active proliferation with self-reneval and at the same time the potential of pluripotent differentiation. The iPS cells creation represent the possibility of adult somatic cells to undergo full reprogramming toward the very beginning of differentiation process. Properties of iPS cells, molecular mechanisms of terminally differentiated cells transformation and trends in human iPS cells practical medical use are discussed.
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