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Vol. 24, Art. 8 (pp. 96-106)    |    2023       

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Haematological and immunological parameters in acute mercury dichloride poisoning in rats

Stosman K.I.1,2, Sivak K.V.2

The Federal State-Financed Institution Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza

Brief summary

Background. Mercury is one of the most dangerous and highly toxic elements, characterised by haematotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Indicators of nonspecific reactivity of the organism, functional changes occur in peripheral blood, immune defence mechanisms are reduced in acute mercury and mercury compounds poisoning. The aim. The study of immuno- and haematotoxic potential of mercury dichloride in acute poisoning in rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 20 male Wistar rats (200-230 g body weight). Mercury dichloride was injected once intraperitoneally at a dose 2 mg/kg. Results. Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytosis, neutrophilia in 4 days after a single injection of the toxicant (in the late toxicogenic and early somatogenic phases of poisoning) were observed. Krebs index, leukocyte intoxication index and of G.D. Dashtayanets nuclear index increased (by 27 %, 19 % and 37 % respectively), while lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index and immunoreactivity index decreased (44 % and 17 %). A decrease of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes (by 35 % and 16 %), immunoregulatory index (by 20 %), IgG and IgM concentration (by 28 % and 35 %), reduction of neutrophil phagocytic activity (by 20 %), increase of apoptotic (almost twice as much) and necrotic mononuclear cell death (threefold), TNF-α concentration (by a factor of 1,5) were revealed. Conclusion. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis and lymphopenia, change of integral hematological indexes are marked in late toxicogenic and early somatogenic phase of mercury dichloride poisoning. A decrease of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, immunoregulatory index, IgG and IgM concentration, reduction of neutrophil phagocytic activity, increase of apoptotic and necrotic mononuclear cell death, TNF-α concentration were detected in blood.


Key words

acute exposure, mercury chloride, hematological indices, immune system

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