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Vol. 24, Art. 48 (pp. 655-666)    |    2023       

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Immunopathogenesis of the pneumotactic effect of prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide

Preobrazhenskaya T.N.1, Lebedeva E.S.2

1S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
2Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Brief summary

Epidemiological studies of recent years have proved the existence of a relationship between prolonged exposure to gaseous pollutants, morbidity and mortality from various causes. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immunological profile in rats. The animals were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (30-40 mg/m3) for 30, 60 and 90 days in the mode: 6 days a week, three times a day for 30 minutes with a half-hour interval between exposures. The cellular composition and immunological profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. The damaging effect of prolonged exposure to inhaled nitrogen dioxide on the lungs was accompanied by activation of the bronchoalveolar space population of immunocompetent cells, primarily alveolar macrophages, as well as neutrophils and mast cells. With increasing duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide immunological profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was characterized by an increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-8, IL-17), which contributed to the persistence of respiratory inflammation, enzymes with protease destructive activity (neutrophil elastase, MMP-12, mast cell chymase) and profibrotic factor TGF-β. The structural restructuring of the lung tissue (denudation and squamous metaplasia of the ciliated bronchial epithelium, hyperplasia and hypersecretion of goblet cells, emphysema and focal fibrosis) can serve as a morphological substrate for the formation of bronchial obstruction, concomitant with diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.


Key words

nitrogen dioxide; immunological profile; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; inflammatory mediators; proteases

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