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Vol. 24, Art. 4 (pp. 44-56)    |    2023       

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Aging theories, their role in the development of gerontology

Bazhanova E.D. 1,2,3, Zaklyakova L.V. 4 , Levitan B.N. 4, Teply D.L. 3

1 The Federal State-Financed Institution Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency
2 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
3 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University named V.N. Tatishchev"
4 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Astrakhan State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Brief summary

According to UN experts, the number of older people in all countries of the world is progressively increasing and will reach 2.1 billion people by 2050. As is known, aging is a process of extinction of the physiological functions of the body associated with the accumulation of damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and organism levels, which are induced by endogenous and exogenous factors and lead to disturbances in the genetic development program and homeostasis of the main life support systems (energy, adaptive, reproductive, etc.). Aging is an inevitable process, so gerontology is currently developing at an accelerated pace in order to improve the somatic and mental state of older people, involve them into work. At present, there are more than 300 theories explaining the initiation and realization of aging processes. The article analyzes both theories of historical significance and relevant in the 21st century. Molecular genetic theories are considered (the hypothesis of programmed aging (Weisman A.), telomerase theory (Olovnikov A.M.), elevation theory (Dilman V.M.), evolutionary theories, adaptive-regulatory theory of aging (Frolkis V.V.), epigenetic and others), and stochastic ones (free radical theory (Harman D.), mitochondrial, etc.).


Key words

aging, aging theory, molecular genetic theories, evolutionary theories, stochastic theories.

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