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Vol. 24, Art. 36 (pp. 473-487)    |    2023       

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Structural changes in the small intestine when modeling of sulfur mustard inhalation injury

Sidorov S.P.1, Bulka K.A.2, Chepur S.V.1, Alekseeva I.I.1, Vladimirova O.O.1, Kuzmin A.A.1, Zhakovko E.B.1, Sergeev A.A.1

1 State Scientific Test Research Institute of Military Medicine, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. 195043, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Lesoparkovaya st., 4.
2 Military Medical Academy of S. M. Kirova, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Brief summary

Until now, sulfur mustard retains the status of a chemical warfare agent, for which there are not only highly effective antidotes, but also pathogenetic therapies. One of the least studied aspects of the pathogenesis of the toxic effect of sulfur mustard is morphofunctional changes in the gastrointestinal tract, which we believe to be of important pathogenic and thanatogenic importance. Progress in this area of knowledge will make it possible to improve the health-care system for people affected by sulfur mustard and to increase its effectiveness. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the structure of the small intestine when modeling of sulfur mustard inhalation injury in rats. Materials and Methods. Rats were divided into three experimental groups of seven animals each into the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after endotracheal sulfur mustard. A separate group were rats of the control group. In all animals was carried out a pathomorphological study (necropsy, macroscopic examination of the abdominal organs, histological analysis of changes and assessment of the cellularity of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the jejunum). Results. When modeling of sulfur mustard inhalation injury in the intestinal mucosa were found changes that have a distinct temporal and spatial organization within the «crypt-villus» system. Early intoxication periods (1 day) recorded a decrease in the number of mitosis and chromosome divergence defects in the enterocytes of the crypt, also observed pronounced inflammatory-destructive changes, locating mainly in the crypts. On the 3rd day (peak of intoxication) in the crypts the restoration of mitotic activity, a decrease in the number of visualized goblet cells and signs of microbial hypercolonization were noted, while in the villi epithelium cell reduction was established. Normalization of morphological changes was observed on 7th days of intoxication. Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies allow to consider the small intestine as an important target organ of the resorptive action of sulfur mustard, and drug therapy aimed at restoring its morphofunctional disorders ? promising trends in pathogenetic enteroprotective therapy of sulfur mustard intoxication.


Key words

chemical terrorism; sulfur mustard; resorptive effect; inhalation injury; gastrointestinal tract

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