Kirov Military Medical Academy of Russian Federation Defense Ministry
Brief summary
The review analyzes publications on the characteristics of neuropsychiatric disorders in the dynamics of COVID-19 infection in order to provide effective medical and psychological support for young people during their follow-up and medical and psychological support. Due to the increasing number of reports of central nervous system damage in COVID-19, the current epidemic is likely to be accompanied by a significant increase in the prevalence of individuals with long-term cognitive dysfunction, affecting the ability of the convalescent to return to daily life, which requires an integrated approach to rehabilitation measures
Key words
young people, pandemic, SARS-CoV, COVID-19, central nervous system damage, neuropsychiatric disorders, rehabilitation, medical and psychological support.
1. Sypotnickii, M.V. Pandemiya COVID-19 kak indikator «belih pyaten» v epidemiologii i infekcionnoi patologii / M.V. Sypotnickii // Vestnik voisk RHB zashiti. − 2020. − T. 4. 3. − S. 338-373.
2. Wilson, B.A. Neuropsychological consequences of Covid-19 / B.A. Wilson, S. Betteridge, J. Fish // Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. - 2020. - Vol. 30, 9. - R. 1625-1628.
3. Wu, A. Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China / A. Wu, Y. Peng, B. Huang [et al.] // Cell Host Microbe. - 2020. − Vol. 27, 3. - P. 325-328.
4. Tsai, L.K. Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome / L.K. Tsai, S.T. Hsieh, Y.C. Chang // Acta Neurol.Taiwan. - 2005. − Vol. 14, 3. - P. 113-19.
5. Saad, M. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia / M. Saad, A.S. Omrani, K. Baig [et al.] // Int. J. Infect. Dis. - 2014. − 29. - P. 301-06.
6. Bohmwald, K. Neurologic Alterations Due to Respiratory Virus Infections / K. Bohmwald, N.M.S. Gálvez, M. Ríos, A.M. Kalergis // Front. Cell Neurosci. - 2018. − 12. - P. 386.
7. Gu, J. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS / J. Gu, E. Gong, B. Zhang [et al.] // J. Exp. Med. - 2005. − Vol. 202, 3. - P. 415-24.
8. Arabi, Y.M. Severe neurologic syndrome associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) / Y.M. Arabi, A. Harthi, J. Hussein [et al.] // Infection. - 2015. − Vol. 43, 4. - P. 495-501.
9. Tansey, C.M. One-year outcomes and health care utilization in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome / C.M. Tansey, M. Louie, M. Loeb [et al.] // Arch. Intern. Med. - 2007. − Vol. 167, 12. - P. 1312-20.
10. Ngai, J.C. The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status / J.C. Ngai, F.W. Ko, S.S. Ng [et al.] // Respirology. - 2010. − Vol. 15, 3. - P. 543-550.
11. Kim, J.E. Neurological Complications during Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome / J.E. Kim, J.H. Heo, H.O. Kim [et al.] // J. Clin. Neurol. - 2017. − Vol. 13, 3. - P. 227-233.
12. Zanin, L. SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions / L. Zanin, G. Saraceno, P.P. Panciani [et al.] // Acta Neurochir. (Wien). - 2020. − Vol. 162, 7. - P. 1491-1494.
13. Klein, R.S. Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function / R.S. Klein, C. Garber, N. Howard // Nat. Immunol. - 2017. − Vol. 18, 2. - P. 132-141.
14. Moriguchi, T. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2 / T. Moriguchi, N. Harii, J. Goto [et al.] // Int. J. Infect. Dis. - 2020. − 94. - P. 55-58.
15. Xu, Z. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome / Z. Xu, L. Shi, Y. Wang [et al.] // Lancet Respir. Med. - 2020. − Vol. 8, 4. - P. 420-422.
16. Gandhi, S. Is the Collapse of the Respiratory Center in the Brain Responsible for Respiratory Breakdown in COVID-19 Patients / S. Gandhi, A.K. Srivastava, U. Ray, P.P. Tripathi // ACS Chem. Neurosci. - 2020. − Vol. 11, 10. - P. 1379-1381.
17. Li, Y.C. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients / Y.C. Li, W.Z. Bai, T. Hashikawa // J. Med. Virol. - 2020. − Vol. 92, 6. - P. 552-555.
18. Mao, L. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China / L. Mao, H. Jin, M. Wang [et al.] // JAMA Neurol. - 2020. − Vol. 77, 6. - P. 683-690.
19. Ellul, M.A. Neurological associations of COVID-19 / M.A. Ellul, L. Benjamin, B. Singh [et al.] // Lancet Neurol. - 2020. − Vol. 19, 9. - P. 767-783.
20. Caso, F. Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects? / F. Caso, L. Costa, P. Ruscitti [et al.] //Autoimmun. Rev. - 2020. − Vol. 19, 5. - P. 102524.
21. Ashrafi, F. COVID-19-related strokes in adults below 55 years of age: a case series / F. Ashrafi, A. Zali, D. Ommi [et al.] // Neurol Sci. - 2020. − Vol. 41, 8. - P. 1985-1989.
22. Giacomelli, A. Self-reported Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study / A. Giacomelli, L. Pezzati, F. Conti [et al.] // Clin. Infect. Dis. - 2020. − Vol. 71, 15. - P. 889-890.
23. Cherry, G. Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends / G. Cherry, J. Rocke, M. Chu [et al.] // Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. - 2020. − Vol.18, 11. - P. 1165-1170.
24. Rhea, E.M. The S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice / E.M. Rhea, A.F. Logsdon, K.M. Hansen [et al.] // Nat. Neurosci. - 2021. − Vol. 24, 3. - P. 368-378.
25. Ritchie, K. The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? / K. Ritchie, D. Chan, T. Watermeyer // Brain Commun. - 2020. − Vol. 2, 2. − fcaa069.
26. Jacomy, H. Human coronavirus OC43 infection induces chronic encephalitis leading to disabilities in BALB/C mice / H. Jacomy, G. Fragoso, G. Almazan [et al.] // Virology. - 2006. − Vol. 349, 2. - P. 335-46.
27. Sy, M. Inflammation induced by infection potentiates tau pathological features in transgenic mice / M. Sy, M. Kitazawa, R. Medeiros [et al.] // Am. J. Pathol. - 2011. − Vol. 178, 6. - P. 2811-22.
28. Hosseini, S. Long-Term Neuroinflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection and the Impact on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Function / S. Hosseini, E. Wilk, K. Michaelsen-Preusse [et al.] //J. Neurosci. - 2018. − Vol. 38, 1−2. - P. 3060-3080.
29. Netland, J. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 / J. Netland, D.K. Meyerholz, S. Moore [et al.] // J. Virol. - 2008. − Vol. 82, 15. - P. 7264-75.
30. Kleiton de Sousa, A. SARS-CoV-2-mediated encephalitis: Role of AT2R receptors in the blood-brain barrier / A. Kleiton de Sousa, D. de Aguiar Magalhães, J. dos Santos Ferreira. A.L. dos Reis Barbosa // Medical Hypotheses. - 2020. − 144. - P. 110213.
31. Wu, Y. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses / Y. Wu, X. Xu, Z. Chen [et al.] // Brain Behav. Immun. - 2020. − 87. - P. 18-22.
32. Chen, C. [Advances in the research of mechanism and related immunotherapy on the cytokine storm induced by coronavirus disease 2019] / C. Chen, X.R. Zhang, Z.Y. Ju, W.F. He // Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. - 2020. − Vol. 36, 6. - P. 471-475 [Article in Chinese].
33. Mehta, P. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression / P. Mehta, D.F. McAuley, M. Brown [et al.] // Lancet. - 2020. − Vol. 395, 10229. - P. 1033-1034.
34. Fazzini, E. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to coronavirus in patients with Parkinson's disease / E. Fazzini, J. Fleming, S. Fahn // Mov. Disord. - 1992. − Vol. 7, 2. - P. 153-8.
35. Filatov, A. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy / A. Filatov, P. Sharma, F. Hindi, P.S. Espinosa // Cureus. - 2020. − Vol. 12, 3. − e7352.
36. Zhao, H. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? / H. Zhao, D. Shen, H. Zhou [et al.] // Lancet Neurol. - 2020. − Vol. 19, 5. - P. 383-384.
37. Li, H. Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection / H. Li, Q. Xue, X. Xu // Neurotox. Res. - 2020. − Vol. 38, 1. - P. 1-7.
38. Du, L. A report of 4 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome patients with suicide tendency / L. Du, J. Zhao, Y. Shi [et al.] // Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University. - 2003. − 24. - P. 636-637.
39. Jeong, H. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome / H. Jeong, H.W. Yim, Y.J. Song [et al.] // Epidemiol. Health. - 2016. − 38. − e2016048.
40. Mak, I.W.C. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors / I.W.C. Mak, C.M. Chu, P.C. Pan [et al.] // Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry. - 2009. − Vol. 31, 4. - P. 318-26.
41. Wing, Y.K. Mental health impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a prospective study / Y.K. Wing, C.M. Leung // Hong Kong Med. J. - 2012. − Vol. 18, S.3. - P. 24-7.
42. Daussy, H. Réactivations postgrippales de la psychose maniaque dépressive [Post-influenzal reactivation of manic depressive psychosis] / H. Daussy, F. Mars // Ann. Med. Psychol. (Paris). - 1953. − Vol. 111, 25. - P. 667-672 [Article in French].
43. Fabiani, P. Varie sindromi neuropsichiatriche post-influenzali [Various post-influenzal neuropsychiatric syndromes] / P. Fabiani, L. Mazzanti // Riv. Patol. Nerv. Ment. - 1959. − 80. - P. 402-414 [Article in Italian].
44. Okusaga, O. Association of seropositivity for influenza and coronaviruses with history of mood disorders and suicide attempts / O. Okusaga, R.H. Yolken, P, Langenberg [et al.] // J. Affect. Disord. - 2011. − Vol. 130, 1-2. - P. 220-225.
45. Brooks, S.K. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence / S.K. Brooks, R.K. Webster, L.E. Smith [et al.] // Lancet. − 2020. − Vol. 395, 10227. - P. 912-920.
46. Shoib, S. Factors associated with COVID-19 outbreak-related suicides in India / S. Shoib, S. Nagendrappa, O. Grigo [et al.] // Asian J. Psychiatr. - 2020. − 53. - P. 102223.
47. Mirza, J. Command Suicidal Hallucination as Initial Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case Report / J. Mirza, A. Ganguly, A, Ostrovskaya [et al.] // Psychosomatics. - 2020. − Vol. 61, 5. - P. 561-564.
48. Panico, F. Balint-Holmes syndrome due to stroke following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single-case report / F. Panico, A. Arini, P. Cantone [et al.] // Neurol. Sci. - 2020. − Vol. 41, 12. - P. 3487-3489.
49. Louapre, C. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Multiple Sclerosis / C. Louapre, N. Collongues, B. Stankoff [et al.] // JAMA Neurol. - 2020. − Vol. 77, 9. - P. 1079-1088.
50. Lechien, J.R. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 / J.R. Lechien, C.M. Chiesa-Estomba, S. Place [et al.] // J. Intern. Med. - 2020/ − Vol. 288, − 3. - P. 335-344.
51. Lapostolle, F. Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study / F. Lapostolle, E. Schneider, I. Vianu [et al.] // Intern. Emerg. Med. - 2020. − Vol. 15, 5. - P. 813-817.
52. Goërtz, Y.M.J. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? / Y.M.J. Goërtz, M. Van Herck, J.M. Delbressine [et al.] // ERJ Open Res. - 2020. − Vol. 6, 4. - P. 00542-2020.
53. Carfì, A. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19 / A. Carfì, R. Bernabei, F. Landi // JAMA. - 2020. - Vol. 324, 6. - P. 603-605.
54. Belli, S. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived hospitalization / S. Belli, B. Balbi, I. Prince [et al.] // Eur. Respir. J. - 2020. − Vol. 56, 4. - P. 2002096.
55. Ritchie, K. The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage / K. Ritchie, D. Chan, T. Watermeyer // Brain Commun. - 2020. − Vol. 2, 2. − fcaa069.
56. Sun, J. Generation of a Broadly Useful Model for COVID-19 Pathogenesis, Vaccination, and Treatment / J. Sun, Z. Zhuang, J. Zheng [et al.] // Cell. - 2020. − Vol. 182, 3. - P. 734-743.
57. Simpson, R. Rehabilitation After Critical Illness in People With COVID-19 Infection / Simpson R., Robinson L. // Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. - 2020. − Vol. 99, 6. - P. − 470-474.
58. Klok, F.A. The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19 / F.A. Klok, G.J.A.M. Boon, S. Barco [et al.] // Eur. Respir. J. - 2020. − Vol. 56, 1. - P. 2001494.
59. Koller, D. Multimorbidity and long-term care dependency − A five-year follow-up / D. Koller, G. Schön, I. Schäfer [et al.] // BMC Geriatr. - 2014. − 14. - P. 70.
60. Steenblock, C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis / C. Steenblock, V. Todorov, W. Kanczkowski [et al.] // Mol. Psychiatry. - 2020. − Vol. 25, 8. - P. 1611-1617.