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Vol. 22, Art. 50 (pp. 700-717)    |    2021       

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Microcirculatory and metabolic changes in skin tissues during experimental compression trauma

Shperling I.A., Kuzmina O.Yu., Shperling N.V., Odincova I.A.,
Shulepov A.V., Sheladev I.V.

State Scientific Research Test Institute of the military medicine of the Russian Federation Defense Ministry
Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of Russia

Brief summary

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the parameters of microcirculation and metabolism in the skin tissue in the area of compression injury of soft tissues of the limb in rats in an experiment. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 36 milk-plant male rats of the Vistar line weighing 350 - 400 gr. At the age of 4.5-5 months. Animals (30 individuals) in the experimental group were simulated under anesthesia compression injury of soft thigh tissues by mechanical compression by visits (compression time 7 hours with a pressure force of 10-12 kg / cm2). After decompression for the prevention of dehydration for 3 days, a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride at a dose of 2.0 ml of body was injected into the tail vein daily into the tail vein. In the intact group (6 individuals) were healthy animals without modeling compression injury. Immediately after removing the pisses and then after 3 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, the state of the injured limb was visually assessed, changes in the color of the skin, in addition, the microcirculation and oxidative metabolism in the skin of the compression zone with The help of the laser analyzer Bloodstock "Lakk-M" (LLC NPP "Lazz", Russia). Results. During 28 days of the experiment, 30% of animals (9 individuals) died in the experimental group of animals (with compression trauma) during the first 7 days of the experiment: after 3 hours - 1; 1 day - 3; 3 days - 3; 7 days - 2. In rats in the post-compression period, changes in microcirculation and metabolism in the skin had a wave-like character. The greatest changes in the indicators occurred in the period of 3 hours - 7 days after tissue decompression. So, 3 hours after decompression, microcirculation increased by 3 times. Oxygen consumption by tissues reached 90% of the intact group (p<0.05), metabolic activity, on the contrary, decreased by 30% (p<0.05). By the end of the first day, there was a tendency to decrease the parameters of microcirculation against the background of a continuing increase in oxygen consumption by tissues and activation of the aerobic pathway of metabolism. During this period, the oxidation of damaged cells can contribute to the formation of reactive oxygen species and, subsequently, cell necrosis, which is confirmed by the appearance of chaotic point zones of necrosis. Further microcirculation and metabolic disorders progressed. After a maximum of 7 days from the beginning of the experiment, microcirculation decreased by 80% (from the intact group, p <0.05), and the intensity of tissue oxygen exchange and metabolic activity decreased by 31% and 33% from the intact values (p<0.05). This was accompanied by tissue destruction in the form of the appearance of wounds at the site of dry necrosis. Metabolic activity was restored to the initial values on the 14th day of the experiment, which indicates the restoration of the remaining viable cells and their transition to aerobic metabolism. By day 28, there was a repeated increase in oxygen consumption by skin tissues by 3.5 times, which may be due to the activation of regenerative cells, collagen synthesis for scar formation. Conclusion. The most significant microcirculatory and metabolic changes in the skin in the post-compression period occurred in the period of 3 hours - 7 days. In the first day there were processes aimed at restoring the viability of the tissue due to the compensatory capabilities of the body. By the end of 7 days, destructive processes had developed, leading to the formation of wounds. Subsequently, the processes of proliferation and scarring occurred, provided by the restoration of microcirculation and activation of metabolic activity of skin tissues. The data obtained made it possible to describe the processes of damage and restoration of skin tissues in experimental animals within the framework of microcirculatory and metabolic processes. This provides the basis for the application of this methodology in assessing the direction of the pathological process in compression trauma of skin tissues and the effectiveness of the treatment methods used.


Key words

crash syndrome, leather, microcirculation, metabolism.

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