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Vol. 21, Art. 60 (pp. 730-741)    |    2020       

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Investigation of phosgene exposure mechanism base on the circumstances of tissue barrier organisation

1Kirovs Medico-military academy of the Russian Federation Defense Ministry
2State scientific-research test institute of the military medicine of the Russian Federation Defense Ministry

Brief summary

The phosgene cell target was investigated by means of tissue barriers models. Rats were undergo phosgene exposure both of inhalation and intraperitoneal. Group of positive control was consisted of rats with hydrogen chloride intraperitoneal introduction (10000 ppm). Samples of lungs, liver and mesentery were taken after 60 minutes of exposure for histological investigation. Tissue samples were fixed with 10% neutral formalin solution and histological specimens Inhalation of phosgene caused pulmonary edema with an inflammatory reaction, whereas with its intraperitoneal injection, no tissue inflammation was detected. Hydrogen chloride caused necrosis of mesotheliocytes and adipocytes with moderate leukocyte infiltration in the mesentery of the small intestine. It has been suggested that alveolocytes act as the cellular target of phosgene, the damage of which leads to the development of pulmonary edema.


Key words

pulmonotoxicity, phosgene, mesotheliocytes, endotheliocytes, alveolocytes, inflomation.

Reference list

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8. Lange D.W., Meulenbelt J. Do corticosteroids have a role in preventing or reducing acute toxic lung injury caused by inhalation of chemical agents? // Clin. Toxicol. 2011;49:61-71. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.553196


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11. Salem E. Inhalation toxicology. Third ed. CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group, 2015. P. 459-489.


12. Sciuto A.M., Hurt H.H. Therapeutic treatments of phosgene-induced lung injury // Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16:565-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490442584


13. White C.V., Martin J.G. Chlorine gas inhalation: human clinical evidence of toxicity an experience in animal models // Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2010;7(4):257-63. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.201001-008sm


14. Zhang X., Hai C. Time course for expression of VEGF and its receptor and regulator levels of contraction and relaxation in increased vascular permeability of lung induced by phosgene // Inhalation Toxicology. 2008.


V. 20. P. 805-812. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370802015091





Reference


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2. Chen H., Hai C., Liang X., Zhang X., [et al] Correlation between sPLA2-llA and phosgene-induced rat acute lung injury // Inhal. Toxicol. 2009;21:374-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370802449712


3. Duniho S.M., Martin J., Forster J.S., Cascio M.B., [et al] Acute changes in lung histopathology and bronchoalveolar lavage parameters in mice exposed to the choking agent gas phosgene // Toxicol. Pathology. 2002;30(3):339-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230252929918


4. Filipczak P.T., Senft A.P., Seagrave J.C., Weber W., [et al] NOS-2 inhibition in phosgene-induced acute lung injury // Toxicol. Scien. 2015;146(1):89-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfv072


5. Fosgene. Humah health effects. Toxicity summary. Toxnet. Toxicology data neywork. URL: httsp://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cda-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb: @term+@DOCNO+796 (data obrasheniya: 19.11.2018).


6. Grainge C., Rice P. Management of phosgene-induced acute lung injury // Clin. Toxicol. 2010;48:497-508. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.506877


7. Holmes W.W., Keyser B.M., Paradiso D.C., Ray R., [et al] Conceptual approaches for treatment of phosgene inhalation-induced lung injury // Toxicol. Lett. 2016;244:8-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.010


8. Lange D.W., Meulenbelt J. Do corticosteroids have a role in preventing or reducing acute toxic lung injury caused by inhalation of chemical agents? // Clin. Toxicol. 2011;49:61-71. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.553196


9. Mills S.E. Histology for pathologists, 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. P. 547-562.


10. Nagel W., Kuschinsky W. Study of the permeability of the isolated dog mesentery // Europ. J. Clin. Invest. 1970;1:149-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00610.x


11. Salem E. Inhalation toxicology. Third ed. CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group, 2015. P. 459-489.


12. Sciuto A.M., Hurt H.H. Therapeutic treatments of phosgene-induced lung injury // Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16:565-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490442584


13. White C.V., Martin J.G. Chlorine gas inhalation: human clinical evidence of toxicity an experience in animal models // Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2010;7(4):257-63. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.201001-008sm


14. Zhang X., Hai C. Time course for expression of VEGF and its receptor and regulator levels of contraction and relaxation in increased vascular permeability of lung induced by phosgene // Inhalation Toxicology. 2008.


V. 20. P. 805-812. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370802015091