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Vol. 21, Art. 15 (pp. 166-175)    |    2020       

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Immunotoxic effect of acute cadmium sulfate exposure in rats

1«Institute of Toxicology» of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 192019, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation, st. Bekhtereva, 1, tel/fax: (812) 365-06-80, e-mail: institute@toxicology.ru
2Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza,

Brief summary

Purpose of this study. Identify possible immunotoxic effect of acute cadmium sulfate exposure in rats. Materials and methods. The 20 male Wistar rats weighing between 200-230 g. were used in this study. Animals received a single intraperitoneally injection of cadmium sulfate at dose 4 mg/kg. PE labeled anti-rat CD45, FITC labeled anti-rat CD3, APC labeled anti-rat CD4, PerCP labeled anti-rat CD8a antigens were used to quantify T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (BD Pharmingen, USA). Apoptotic cell levels were assessed by staining using FITC-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide. Cytometry was performed on a BD FACSCaliburTM flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). The TNF-α and INF-γ concentration was determined by ELLISA. Results. The results of experimental study showed that acute cadmium sulfate exposure leds to a decrease in the thymus mass and mass coefficients, to a thinning and a reduction in the lymphocytes number in the cortical layer. Lymphopenia, monocytosis, basophilia, eosinophilia, decrease in CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and immunoregulatory index, increase in CD8+ T-cells were observed. There was no significant effect of the toxicant on the apoptotic mononuclear cells number, on the level of TNF-α and INF-γ, on the phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils and on their absolute amount in the blood. We noticed an increase in ISLM and IA, a decrease in ISLE. Conclusion. Acute cadmium sulfate exposure leads to the development of lymphopenia, monocytopenia, basophilia and eosinophilia. There is an involution of the thymus, a thinning of its cortical layer, reduction in T-helpers (CD4+) and an increase in T-lymphocytes (CD8+), decrease of the ratio CD4+/CD8+. An increase in ISLM and IA, a decrease in ISLE indicates a violation of the immunological reactivity.


Key words

cadmium sulfate, immune system, acute exposure, hematological indices

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